Dictionary of Electrical Engineering

Commonly used terms in the Electrical industry.

electroplastic effect
plastic deformation of metals with the application of high-density electric current.
electroplastic smart material
material with smart properties of elastic deformation changes proportional to a controlled electric current applied in proportion to the sensed deformation.
electroslag welding
a welding process that produces coalescence of metals with molten slag that melts the filler metal and the surfaces of the parts to be joined.
electrostatic discharge (ESD)
the discharge of a body through a conducting path between two pins of an IC. Circuits located at the inputs and outputs of ICs protect the internal devices from ESD events.
electrostatic precipitator
a method of extracting dust from stack gases or ventilating systems in which ions are laid on the dust particles by high-voltage electrodes and then attracted electrostatically into a trap.
electrostatic voltmeter
a voltmeter, typically used for voltages in the kilovolt range, in which the pointer is moved by the electrostatic attraction of a pair of metal plates across which the voltage to be measured is applied.
energy compaction
in a transformation, the concentration of the input signal energy into a relatively small part of the transformed signal. A linear transform of a random vector compacts the signal energy when the energy or variance of a small number of transform coefficients is large relative to the variance of the other coefficients.
energy product
the product of the magnetic flux density, Band magnetic field intensity, H at any operating point on the normal demagnetization curve, indicating the energy delivered by the magnet. The maximum energy product is commonly used to designate varying grades of materials.
equivalent reactance
the reactance of the windings of an electromagnetic machine reflected to one side (component) of the machine.
See equivalent impedance
eutectic alloy
composition with minimum melting temperature at the intersection of twosolubility curves.
eutectic alloy overload device
an overload device that employs a melting alloy as the actuating element. See also overload heater, overload relay.
extinction angle
time in electrical degrees from the instant the current in a valve reaches zero (end of conduction) to the time the valve voltage changes sign and becomes positive.
extinction cross section
the sum of the scattering and the absorption cross sections.
Faraday effect
the rotation of the plane of polarization of a high-frequency signal (microwave RF, optical field) in the presence of a magnetic field.
fault detection
the process of locating distortions or other deviations from the ideal, typically during the process of automated visual inspection, e.g., in products undergoing manufacture.
female connector
a connector presenting receptacles for the insertion of the corresponding male connector that presents pins.
ferroelectric material
a polar dielectric in which the crystallographic orientation of the internal dipole moment can be changed by the application of an electric field.
fiber-optic interconnect
interconnect that uses an optical fiber to connect a source to a detector. An optical fiber is used for implementing a bus. The merits are large bandwidth and high speed of propagation.
field controlled thyristor (FCT)
a thyristor controlled by change in the magnitude of the field current.
field loss protection
a fault-tolerant scheme used in electric motors. Some DC motor control circuits provide field loss protection in the event the motor loses its shunt field. Under a loss of field, DC motors may overspeed causing equipment damage and/or personal injury. In a motor controller that has field loss protection, a sensor determines when the shunt field has lost current flow, then secures the motor before an overspeed condition occurs.
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