Dictionary of Electrical Engineering

Commonly used terms in the Electrical industry.

energy level
one of the specific values possible for the energy of an electron in an atom or molecule.
energy product
the product of the magnetic flux density, Band magnetic field intensity, H at any operating point on the normal demagnetization curve, indicating the energy delivered by the magnet. The maximum energy product is commonly used to designate varying grades of materials.
energy relaxation
time the characteristic time for energy loss to scattering processes.
entropy estimation
noiseless source coding theorem states that the bit rate can be made arbitrarily close to the entropy of the source that generated the image. Entropy estimation is the process of characterizing the source using a certain model and then finding the entropy with respect to that model. The major challenge here is to approximate the source structure as close as possible while keeping the complexity of the model and the number of parameters to a minimum.
environment
a set of objects outside the system, a change in whose attributes affects, and is affected by, the behavior of the system.
equalization
a method used in communication systems to compensate for the channel distortion introduced during signal transmission.
equivalence theorem
an electromagnetic theorem: If the tangential magnetic and electric fields are known everywhere on some closed surface S, then these fields may be replaced with equivalent electric and magnetic surface currents, respectively. These equivalent currents will produce the same field structure exterior to S as the original fields and the null field internal to S.
equivalent circuit
a combination of electric circuit elements chosen to represent the performance of a machine or device by establishing the same relationships for voltage, current, and power.
equivalent control
an algorithm used to determine a system's dynamics when restricted to a sliding surface. The method entails combining the solution to an algebraic equation involving the time derivative of the function describing the sliding surface and the dynamical system's model. See also variable structure system and sliding mode control.
equivalent current
a theoretical current used to obtain the scattered field from a surface or discontinuity. The equivalent current is formulated to represent the actual physical currents so as to result in an equivalent scattered field.
equivalent impedance
the impedance of the windings of an electromagnetic machine reflected to one side (component) of the machine. For example, in a transformer, the equivalent impedance consists of the combined leakage reactances and resistances of the primary and secondary.
equivalent noise voltage (ENV)
a noise voltage source that is effectively in series with either the inverting or noninverting input terminal of the op amp and represents the total noise contributed by the op amp if the inputs were shorted.
equivalent reactance
the reactance of the windings of an electromagnetic machine reflected to one side (component) of the machine.
See equivalent impedance
equivalent resistance
the resistance of the windings of an electromagnetic machine reflected to one side (component) of the machine.
See equivalent impedance
equivalent source
fictitious source used in the equivalence theorem.
equivalent sphere illumination (ESI)
the level of sphere illumination that would produce task visibility equivalent to that produced by a specific lighting environment.
equivalent system dynamics
a dynamical system model resulting from substituting the equivalent control into the plant's modeling equation. The equivalent system's trajectory is confined to a surface that is parallel to the sliding surface if the system's initial condition is off the sliding surface. If the initial condition is on the sliding surface, then the equivalent system's trajectory will stay on the sliding surface.
error
(1) manifestation of a fault at logical level. For example, a physical short or break may result in logical error of stuck-at-0 or stuck-at-1 state of some signal in the considered circuit.

(2) a discrepancy between a computed, observed, or measured value or condition and the true, specified, or theoretically correct value or condition.
See bug
ESD

See electrostatic discharge
ESDI

See enhanced small disk interface
Powered by The Filipino Engineer